Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Hexavalent Chromium Disrupts Oocyte Development in Rats by Elevating Oxidative Stress, DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Microtubule Disruption, and Aberrant Segregation of Chromosomes

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cr(VI) exposure on abnormal microtubule structure and F-actin expression. Prepubertal rats were exposed to 1 ppm or 5 ppm potassium dichromate through drinking water from PND 22 to 29 and superovulated. Immunofluorescence was performed in the MII oocytes. ( A ) The number of oocytes with dispersed chromosomes and abnormal microtubules was counted and expressed as a percentage. Each value is mean ± SEM of 100 oocytes from 10 rats. ( B ) Expression of F-actin was determined by immunofluorescence. Images were captured by confocal microscopy and quantified using Image-Pro Plus software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics Inc.). a: control vs. Cr(VI) 1 ppm or 5 ppm; b: Cr(VI) 1 ppm vs. 5 ppm; p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The intensity of staining for 8-OHdG, NTY, γ-H2AX, and RAD51 was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) and expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Software

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Hexavalent Chromium Disrupts Oocyte Development in Rats by Elevating Oxidative Stress, DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Microtubule Disruption, and Aberrant Segregation of Chromosomes

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cr(VI) exposure on oxidative protein damage in MII oocytes. Prepubertal rats were exposed to 1 or 5 ppm potassium dichromate through drinking water from PND 22 to 29 and superovulated. Nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of oxidative protein damage, was determined by immunofluorescence in the MII oocytes. Images were captured by confocal microscopy; all images were captured with a 40×/1.4 NA Plan-Apochromat lens and the width of each field is 70 µm. Images quantified using Image-Pro Plus software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics Inc.). Cr(VI) increased NTY expression. Representative images of the control ( A – D ), 1 ppm Cr(VI) ( E – H ), and 5 ppm Cr(VI) ( I – L ) groups are shown. The histogram ( M ) represents the intensity of staining (expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD)). Each value is mean ± SEM of ~24 oocytes from six rats ( p < 0.05). a: control vs. Cr(VI) 1 ppm or 5 ppm.

Article Snippet: The intensity of staining for 8-OHdG, NTY, γ-H2AX, and RAD51 was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) and expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Biomarker Assay, Immunofluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Software, Expressing, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Hexavalent Chromium Disrupts Oocyte Development in Rats by Elevating Oxidative Stress, DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Microtubule Disruption, and Aberrant Segregation of Chromosomes

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cr(VI) exposure on DNA double-strand breaks. Prepubertal rats were exposed to 1 or 5 ppm potassium dichromate through drinking water from PND 22 to 29 and superovulated. γ-H2AX, the DNA DSB marker, was determined by immunofluorescence. All confocal images were captured with a 40×/1.4 NA Plan-Apochromat lens and the width of each field is 25 µm. Images were quantified using Image-Pro Plus software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics Inc.). Representative images of the control ( A – E ), 1 ppm Cr(VI) ( F – J ), and 5 ppm Cr(VI) ( K – O ) groups are shown. The histogram ( P ) represents the intensity of staining (expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD)). Each value is mean ± SEM of ~24 oocytes from six rats ( p < 0.05). a: control vs. Cr(VI) 1 ppm or 5 ppm; b: Cr(VI) 1 ppm vs. 5 ppm.

Article Snippet: The intensity of staining for 8-OHdG, NTY, γ-H2AX, and RAD51 was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) and expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Marker, Immunofluorescence, Software, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Hexavalent Chromium Disrupts Oocyte Development in Rats by Elevating Oxidative Stress, DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Microtubule Disruption, and Aberrant Segregation of Chromosomes

doi: 10.3390/ijms241210003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cr(VI) exposure on DNA damage repair protein RAD51. Prepubertal rats were exposed to 1 or 5 ppm potassium dichromate through drinking water from PND 22 to 29 and superovulated. RAD51, a DNA damage repair protein, was determined by immunofluorescence. All confocal images were captured with a 40×/1.4 NA Plan-Apochromat lens and the width of each field is 35 µm. Images were quantified using Image-Pro Plus software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics Inc.). Representative images of the control ( A – E ), 1 ppm Cr(VI) ( F – J ), and 5 ppm Cr(VI) ( K – O ) groups are shown. The histogram ( P ) represents the intensity of staining (expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD)). Each value is mean ± SEM of ~24 oocytes from six rats ( p < 0.05). a: control vs. Cr(VI) 1 ppm or 5 ppm; b: Cr(VI) 1 ppm vs. 5 ppm.

Article Snippet: The intensity of staining for 8-OHdG, NTY, γ-H2AX, and RAD51 was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 software, Version 10.0.5 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA) and expressed as Integrated Optical Density (IOD) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Software, Staining